The human body consists of organs and organ systems that work together to maintain both internal and external conditions of the body. The importance of the human body’s maintenance system is indeed very high. Individuals can quickly get sick due to the imbalances of the internal conditions and different fluctuations that can occur anytime due to any cause. External conditions can significantly affect the internal states of the human body, primarily when the immune system or other systems work inefficiently within the human body. Several factors are causing these changes and fluctuations. However, the human body tries its best to maintain the right condition or the dynamic equilibrium (around 37 degrees Celsius).
The basic maintenance system works with blood vessels, tissues, and tissue fluids as they are essential factors to regulate changes in the body condition. By adding or removing the substances from blood vessels, tissues, and tissue fluids, the five central body systems work effectively to reach dynamic equilibrium.
The Five Main Systems
One of the most critical systems is the lymphatic system. The system works by protecting blood cells from contracting all kinds of diseases. The respiratory system consists of the lungs. The lungs are responsible for the breathing process, which requires the intake of Oxygen and the removal of Carbon Dioxide. The digestive system consists of the standard organs like the stomach, the intestines, gallbladder, liver, and other accessory organs, including the mouth, teeth, tongue, the salivary gland, and the esophagus. The digestive system mainly accepts the intake of food and can digest them into nutrients and substances the body needs. It is essential to know all organs and parts play significant roles in each system. For example, saliva plays a critical role in the first step of digestion. Because it contains an enzyme called Amylase, which breaks down starch into sugar, the digestive system can work efficiently in the process. It then sends the food substances to the stomach then to the intestines to continue the process. The last system which helps in maintaining the body’s equilibrium is the urinary system. The urinary system helps to keep the body’s temperature as it gets rid of nitrogenous wastes, helps regulate the fluid level, and maintains the chemical content of blood in the body. The urinary system generally flushes out wastes not needed by the human body. The system consists of the urinary bladder and the kidneys.
Reproduction and Development
The reproduction process of human beings is as similar to the birth processes of other organisms. Through the natural process, which requires help from both female and male organs located around the pubic area, humans reproduce and develop future generations. The female reproductive system consists of the ovary, the vagina, the uterine tube, and the external genitalia. The male reproductive system includes the testis and the penis. The testis is where the conduction of semen starts where it then sends the sperms out through the penis.
Looking Deeper into Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of the human body’s dynamic equilibrium. To maintain the right condition of the human body, there are several requirements.
The body needs to reach dynamic equilibrium, as explained in the earlier paragraphs. If any rapid change occurs within the body, the organs and the systems have to work together through two methods: negative feedback and positive feedback. These two methods will allow adaptation to occur through the primary homeostatic mechanism, including the sensor, the control center, and the effecter.
Negative Feedback
The negative feedback generally works by disabling the sensor, which is activated at the beginning of the adaptation process. Once the temperature in the body has changed or if any other substances unknown to the human body enter the system, the sensor activates itself. Once the sensor activates itself, it sends signals to the control center, which will awake the effecter to make its move in the infected area or problem. The sensor, though, is to be deactivated once the signals were sent to the effecter; this is mainly why the whole process is called the negative feedback. To make things simpler, compare the negative feedback with the process of photosynthesis in plants. Once the sensor detects the high level of carbon dioxide, it sends signals to the control center, allowing more light to be taken up in the process as the intake of carbon is too high. The effecter makes several changes while the sensor already deactivates itself.
The Positive Feedback
The positive feedback is the total opposite of the negative feedback as the difference is that the sensor remains active throughout the process. The positive feedback mainly has the intention to push levels out of normal ranges and thereby increase the stimulus. The easiest way to illustrate positive feedback would be when blood platelet accumulation occurs in the body. Blood platelet accumulation occurs and causes blood clots in the infected area due to a cut or a tear in the lining of blood vessels. Also, during childbirth, the release of Oxytocin that helps intensify contractions is one of the best examples to illustrate positive feedback. Once Oxytocin is released during contractions, the sensor that releases the Oxytocin still does not stop or deactivates. The process still needs to support and safeguard the mother with a similar substance during massive bleeding.
