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What is an adjective?

An adjective “modifies” a noun. That means it tells us something about the noun. Adjectives describe nouns.

An adjective describes how something “is.” For this reason, we often use the verb “to be” when using adjectives. He is a good doctor. They are happy.

They almost always go before the noun in English. beautiful trees, fat man, big truck. Not: an apple red

The adjective is always invariable (does not change). Unlike how they behave in other languages, adjectives in English do not change with singular or plural, masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.

• Adjectives don’t have a singular and plural form OR a masculine, feminine and neuter form. Big rooster, big chicken, small cow, small bull, giant chickens, big roosters, a red car, ten red cars, one red flower, ten red flowers

• Adjectives are always the same! Never add a final “s” to an adjective. It is red apples,

not reds apples!

Possessive Adjective

Many English learners have trouble with the possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, our, and their. They are called possessive because they refer to possession; they tell us to whom something belongs, or who is the owner of something.

Sara asked if you have you seen her brother?

The pronoun “her” replaces a word like “Sarah’s.”

Many learners make the mistake of writing. Sara asked if you have seen his brother. The correct form is, Sara asked if you have seen her brother.

Similarly, it is wrong to write, “The boy saw her sister.” Many make this mistake because they know that the word sister is feminine, and they want to make the possessive adjective agree with the noun sister. They probably do this because the adjective always has to agree in gender with the noun in their language. But in English, the adjective does not change.

The correct form is “The boy saw his sister.” In English, we will see that the possessive adjective has the gender (masculine or feminine) according to the person who is the possessor or owner of the thing under discussion. In our example, it is a boy who has a relation to the sister, so HIS sister is not her sister. Although, of course, the sister is feminine. If you were writing about a girl, it would be her brother.

It doesn’t matter if John’s cousin is a boy or a girl; you will always write to his cousin. Joe is his cousin, and Martha is his cousin. It is the same with Mary’s cousins; they are her cousins. Alphonse is her cousin, just as Mathilde is her cousin.

The possessive adjective of his and her only refers to human beings, not for other beings such as dogs, houses, etc. There is a unique possessive adjective for these beings: its. Learn right now that this pronoun is spelled its NOTit’s.

In English possessive adjectives can also refer to animals and things.

For example, the dog has its tail, and the house has its patio.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES WITH NOUNS THAT “BELONG” TO ONE PERSON OR THING

Let’s look at the possessive adjective with different types of nouns.

  • People: (as explained above)
  • Joe is his cousin, Martha is his cousin.
  • Ideas and Natural Phenomena:
  • The sea sends its storms. Nature shows its beauty.
  • Animals:
  • The chicken hides its eggs. The cat cleans its fur.
  • Lifeless things:

Every house has a patio.

The horse eats its food. It is usually wrong to write: “The horse eats his food” unless you want to clarify that it is a stallion (male) and not a mare (female) you are writing about. However, nowadays, in the United States, most people live in cities and could not distinguish the gender of the animals they talk about. So you usually would not make a difference in your writing.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES WITH NOUNS THAT “BELONG” TO MORE THAN ONE “OWNER”

It is only with singular nouns that the possessive adjective changes according to the gender of the possessor or owner, NOT of the thing possessed. The possessor can be masculine, feminine, or neuter.

Remember that we just saw that you should write. The boy saw his sister. And The girl loves her brother.

However, there is no change according to the gender of the possessed when they are plural. The possessive adjective for more than one thing is always there.

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